Organizational Theory Of Planned Behavior - 2063 Words

1. Introduction In order to accomplish this assignment, I have chosen to have one vegan day a week as the social activity that I will maintain throughout the session. In particular, on Sunday every week, all the food I consume is free of animal products including meat, milk, eggs, etc. The activity has been starting since Week 2 of the session and so far I have successfully completed ten vegan days for tine weeks respectively (from Session Week 2 to Week 10, including the mid-session break week) with different vegan dishes for each day, which are shown in the Appendix. In this reflective essay, I will explain the reason why I choose this activity, my plan and objectives, as well as my reflection on the progress which is divided into three†¦show more content†¦As an international student living away from home by myself, I have total control on my daily diet. Unlike when I live with my family back home and have to follow the family diet, I can eat whatever I want here. Therefore, my perceived power toward the behaviour is high as I do not have any objective constraint. 3. Plan and Objectives Due to the fact that this is a totally new habit which I have never experienced before, I need a lot of time for familiarisation and preparation. Therefore, in order to keep the progress on track, I have rearranged my weekly timetable and scheduled all the activities I need to do before Sunday when I cook the dishes. In particular, from Monday to Thursday every week, I actively search for vegan recipes from various sources such as my friends who are vegans or vegan cooking tutorials online. After that, because shopping often takes plenty of time, I spend my Friday preparing all the required ingredients as I do not have class on that day. Saturday is when I go through all the pre-cook steps such as defrosting frozen ingredients, chopping (onions, carrots, spring onions, etc.) and seasoning. Finally, I cook and decorate the dishes on Sunday, take picture for Twitter upload and enjoy them. The process then repeats on the next Monday. As previously stated, I expect to maintain this activity throughout the session. Therefore, theShow MoreRelatedLewin’s Three-Stage Model of Planned Change1134 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic renewal through the implementation of â€Å"planned change† (Spector, 2010). Planned change, according to Cummings and Worley (2009), fundamentally concerns the process of changing organizational behaviors. More specifically, new behaviors must replace old ones or be adapted to or integrated with existing behaviors to enable successful change (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, 2009; Schein, 1993, 2004). This paper outlines the three stages of Lewin’s model of planned change – unfreezing, movement, and refreezingRead MoreLeadership And Change : Organization Development ( Od ), And Emergent Change1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe approach should be able to balance innovation with organizational performance and embrace strategic experimentation of the new systems without any risking ( Leading Change, n.d.). There are various types of change theories and models which help people to be able to understand and then apply to change approach in effectively. Therefore, this essay will examine the definition of leadership and change develop and then critically evaluate planned change, organization development (OD), and emergent changeRead MoreLeadership And Change : Organization Development ( Od ), And Emergent Change1628 Words   |  7 Pagesthe approach should be able to balance innovation with organizational performance and embrace strategic experimentation of the new systems without any risking (Leading Change, n.d.). There are various types of change theories and models which help people to be able to understand and then apply to change approach in effectively. Therefore, this essay will examine the definition of leadership and change develop and then critically evaluate planned change, organization development (OD), and emergent changeRead MoreTaking a Look at Org anizational Change1208 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organizational change is a systematic step taken by an organization to make sure changes are taking place smoothly and successfully with lasting benefits. Globalization and innovation of technology result in a constantly evolving business environment. Social media and mobile adaptability have revolutionized business and the effect of this is an ever increasing need for change, and therefore changes management. Technology growth effect has increase information availability and accountabilityRead MoreGeneral Model Of Planned Change702 Words   |  3 Pagesis the General Model of Planned Change? The general model of planned change was established by Kurt Lewis and it serves as a blueprint for organizations to follow during times of change. The general model of planned change consists of three simple steps. The first step in this process is unfreezing, during this phase the object is to reduce forces and maintain organizational behavior at its current level. The second phase is moving, which involves shifting the behavior within the company to a newRead MoreProductive Behavior1167 Words   |  5 PagesProductive and Counterproductive Behaviors Obviously, there are differences between productive and counterproductive behaviors. The differences in these behaviors play a major role and can either cause the success or failure of an organization. As long as both management and employees can understand the difference between these behaviors, counterproductive behavior will decrease while increasing productive behavior. Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors Any form of action that improvesRead MoreCase Analysis: Employee Attitudes710 Words   |  3 Pagesinclude Schwartz’s 10 values that guide a person’s behavior. Another method used is affective, cognitive, and behavioral components that influence behavior by increasing organizational commitment. Increasing employee involvement is also important to management. Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior can be used by managers to increase employee performance during a recession. Schwartz proposed that there are 10 values that guide a person’s behavior. The 10 values that he proposed are as follows: powerRead MoreThe Theory And Models Of Change1373 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide such awareness. In an effort to grasp the concepts of organization change in greater depth, it is vital to: (a) gain insight of the history of organization change, (b) know the nature of organizational change, (c) identify the levels of organizational change, and (d) review evaluate research, theory and models of change. History of Organization Change Organization change can be traced back to the early Bible days, involving Moses and his father-in-law Jethro. Moses, not only deemed as leaderRead MoreDifferent Types of Change Management Models844 Words   |  3 Pagessynthesis different types of change/models of change were introduced. Many change management models are adapted from natural science models such as chaos theory or the behavior of living organisms to nature (Dooley, 1997). The application of these theories will be used as a Meta theory for better understanding change management behavior in theory and practice. Therefore change management models have evolved over the last decades. In addition, change models can be used for changing a strategy (GioiaRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Synthesis paper1419 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior The study of people at work is generally referred to as the study of organizational behavior. This chapter will start by defining the term organizational behavior and briefly reviewing its origins. Organizational behavior is the systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations. Each person regularly uses intuition or our gut feelings in trying to explain phenomena. For example, a friend catches a cold and we’re quick to remind

Asthma Free Essays

Asthma 1. ) The organ system asthma affect is the respiratory system (the lungs). Asthma is diagnosed based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test result. We will write a custom essay sample on Asthma or any similar topic only for you Order Now During an asthma attack the person have an acute episodes when the airways in their lungs become narrow and becomes more difficult to breath. The lungs and airways overreact to certain triggers, in which the lining of the airways become swollen and inflamed, tightness of the chest, and increased of mucus in the lungs. It is harder to breath and may hurt too. Coughing and wheezing are common in asthma. Wheezing occurs because the rush of air moves through the narrowed airways. There are two types of medication to treat asthma. 1. ) A control drugs to prevent the attacks. 2. ) A quick relief (rescue) drugs for use during the attacks. A long term control drugs for asthma are used to prevent symptoms for people with moderate to severe asthma. Inhaled steroids prevent symptoms by not allowing the airways to swell. Also, long-acting beta-agonist inhalers will help prevent asthma symptoms as well. A quick relief (rescue) drugs work really fast to control asthma symptoms. Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers like Proventil, Ventolin, and Xopenex may help with asthma symptoms too. 2. ) Epidemiology is the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Epidemiologists compare different groups of people to see why they may be sick, such as asthma. By understanding the conditions increase the possibility of developing health outcomes. Epidemiology led to advances in medicine and ways of controlling and preventing diseases. 3. ) Yes, there are other agents that can trigger asthma symptoms or an asthma attack. -Untreated conditions such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). -Menstrual cycle/hormone changes -Perfumes, hairsprays, and scented lotion -Cleaning solutions, pesticides, and paint fumes -Air fresheners, incense sticks, and scented candles -Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds -Changes in humidity (high humidity) -Per fur or feathers, pet urine, saliva and dander . ) I think the Europeans and especially the English affected by the disease because of air pollution, obesity, smoking, and the exposure of indoor or outdoor allergens. 5. ) As a researcher, I would put together these clues to make sense of an emerging epidemic of asthma by gathering all the informations from those who were affected by asthma symptoms or an asthma attack. 6. ) I think that all of the countries in the world ar e affected by this disease. Every countries have almost same amount of those who are affected by asthma. How to cite Asthma, Papers

Training for the Employees

Questions: 1.List Six to Eight Circumstances under which policy or procedural adjustments might be required after a trial period. Use your own Experience and Conduct suitable research to develop your answer. 2.You have Convened a Selection panel to be involved in hiring an accounts clerk for your Organisation. A number of the people on the panel have not been involved in the recruitment process before. In approximately 200 words explain what training and support might be required by these people.3.Under what Circumstances might it be necessary for Staff to attend some form of training relating to new Policies and Procedures for Recruitment, Selection and Induction? 4.You are in Charge of Recruitment. One of the Managers in the Organisation has asked you to recruit a New Employee for their Department. Make a Comprehensive list of the 18 Steps/ Procedures you would follow. Answers: 1.Circumstances under which procedural adjustments might be required after a trial period The circumstances under which procedural adjustments are necessary after a trial period include the following: Changes in the length of the trial period: Procedural adjustments are necessary for the alterations in the length of the entire trial period. Usually, trial period is routinely extended for the specific duration of first sanctioned leave of absence of any employee (Shackleton 2015). However, no other additions of trial period are legalized. As per the regulations of OECD, there are several notification procedure in case of changes in the length of the trial period, delay in the period of start of notice, length of notice period at different durations of tenure, severance of pay at different durations of tenure (Forms.wairc.wa.gov.au 2017). Changes in the salary as well as bonuses The procedural adjustments are also required for alterations in the salary structures along with bonuses. For instance, procedural adjustments are required for payment of salary clauses as per 13.3.3, payment of salaries as enumerated as per 1/52nd of annual salary, incremental progression, general salary scale provisions at different levels, supported wage rates and many others after trial period (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). Supplementary trial period Employees serving additional trial periods is another circumstance that might require procedural adjustments Completion of trial period Department heads of business corporations need to notify all the employees regarding completion or else extension of trial period. However, in case of no such notification, the trial period can be regarded to have finalized (Bryson et al. 2013). Furthermore, in different explanatory circumstances, the human resource managers might determine that the trial period is not concluded in case of proper notice could not be provided and this can lead to procedural adjustments. Lay off trial period The completion or else non-completion of the layoff trial period might change the lay-off status and add the benefits that might accrue for a particular status. Prior experience shows that lay off after a trail period requires different procedural adjustments as per the Fair Work Ombudsman. Thus, procedural adjustments are necessary for making it certain different entitlements are paid such as outstanding wages, pay particularly in lieu of notice of termination, accrued annual leave and redundancy pay. As per Fair Work Ombudsman, a specific employer can also be accountable to pay a penalty of an amount up to $54,000 per infringement in case if employer have not conformed to their requirements under pertinent Commonwealth workplace regulations (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). Termination during trial period or else lay off trial period Termination during the period of trail can lead to changes in procedural adjustments (Taylor 2014). However, experience says that employees in the probationary period are necessarily exempt from the Fair Work Act (unfair dismissal regulations) under the circumstance of termination of employment. It has been witnessed that under the Workplace Relations Act, staffs working for a realistic probation period (minimum 6 months period) were exempt from necessarily unfair dismissal regulations, however this exemption is not provided under the Fair Work Act. Numerous clauses of probationary deliver a smaller period of notice for the purpose of termination of employment during the period of probationary as against after cessation of the probation. Nevertheless, the notice period for cessation of employment requires procedural adjustments as period of probation cannot be lesser than the prescribed minimum periods stated under the National Employment Standards (NES) stipulated under the FW Act ( (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). Thus, from personal experience it can be said that procedural adjustments are required for termination of employments during as well as after probationary period as per the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). 2.Training and support Requirements of Recruiters The recruiters involved in the panel for hiring an accounts clerk for the organization needs to acquire the requisite skills as well as competencies. Proper training to the panel of recruiters can help in aversion of unlawful discernment in the process if recruitment. In addition to this, this training support can help in the preparation of job descriptions of an accounts clerk as well as requisite person specifications utilizing the HERA competencies (Chaneta 2014). Furthermore, the panel of recruitment requires training for effectual interviewing and shortlisting the most appropriate ones for the vacant position. However, certain specific training and development is essential that needs to impart fundamentals of finance as well as accounting for different non-financial managers, training for the trainers, effectual policies for impactful training in addition to Instructional design for recruiters (Kundu et al. 2015). 3.Circumstances leading Requirement of Training for the Employees related to new policies of Recruitment Employees require training under certain specific circumstances related to the new policies of recruitment for comprehending maintenance of compliance with the policies of the company and protect different individuals as well as organization from specifically the pressure of expediency. Therefore, training is essential for gaining an overview regarding the written policies of the company regarding the recruitment of employees to a certain vacant position (Derous and De Fruyt 2016). Extensive training can therefore help the employees to understand various directives and regulations related to the following -Code of conduct -Privacy -Conflict of interest -Condition of Working -Termination policies of both voluntary as well as involuntary workers -Recruitment Policies (Shackleton 2015) -Policies for compensation -Performance management policies -Learning and development strategies -Diverse benefits as well as eligibility -Overtime policies -Confidentiality -Health and safety rules -Leave -Grievance resolution policies -General policies and many others Therefore, a formal training to the employees can hereby assist in understanding recruitment policy purpose. This also helps to explain the scope of the recruitment policy, statement of policy, merit or the criteria of selection, specific equity, confidentiality, conflict of interest, appointment of particular members of different religious congregations, ardent appeals, endorsements, reviews as well as additional backing (Chaneta 2014). 4.Process of recruitment to be followed Recruitment process indicates towards the entire procedure of attraction, selection as well as appointment of the most suitable candidates for different categories of jobs that might be permanent or else temporary within a particular business organization (Bryson et al. 2013). Thus, recruitment process can be regarded as a procedure that involves selection of individuals for various unpaid positions that include voluntary roles or else unpaid trainee roles. Figure 1: Recruitment Process (Source: Bryson et al. 2013) Steps that can be followed for selection of an employee are as listed below: -Preparation of recruitment -Advertisements -Establishment of the Selection process -Determination of appointment process (Chaneta 2014). Steps of recruitment that can be followed include the following: -Analysis of the need for workforce -Description of the position -Determination of the sourcing as well as advertisement strategy -Determination of composition of selection panel -Advertisement of the position -Assessment of the selection panel (Taylor 2014). -Analysis of the candidate outcome on manger online -Determination of the successful candidate -Providing advice to different ineffective applicant -Providing conclusion to the process of recruitment -Boarding preparation -Establishment of Probation strategies References Bryson, J., James, S. and Keep, E., 2013. Recruitment and selection. Managing human resources. Human Resource Management in transition, pp.125-149. Chaneta, I., 2014. Recruitment and Selection. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 4(2), p.289. Derous, E. and De Fruyt, F., 2016. Developments in Recruitment and Selection Research. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 24(1), pp.1-3. Fair Work Ombudsman. 2017. Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Forms.wairc.wa.gov.au. 2017. WAIRC. [online] Available at: https://forms.wairc.wa.gov.au [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Kundu, S.C., Rattan, D., Sheera, V.P. and Gahlawat, N., 2015. RecRuitment and Selection techniqueS uSed in coRpoRate SectoR: a compaRative Study of indian and multinational companieS. Journal of Organisation and Human Behaviour, 4(4). Shackleton, V., 2015. Recruitment and Selection. Elements of Applied Psychology, p.153. Taylor, S., 2014. Recruitment and selection. Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective, 10(6), pp.139-14.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment

Introduction Apprehension in human has largely been associated with psychological disturbance. Medical and psychology experts have linked post traumatic stress disorder, a nervousness condition, to mental distress. Post traumatic disorder was related to life situations that troubled a person or group of people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The situation might have, perhaps, concerned fatality risk, bodily, gender, or mental uprightness that devastated a person’s capacity to survive. Indicative signs of post traumatic disorder combined a repeated occurrence of earlier disturbance through dreadful dreams, evasion of distress related prompts, and amplified provocations. Recognized investigative measures needed that the indicators had endured and resulted in noteworthy harm. An individual was weakened socially, in their work, and basic utility spheres by the post traumatic stress disorder. Majority of global nations have soldiers who serve in the army ready for combat if the need occurred. Most of the combatants, usually, tailored a war awareness state to manage the consistent pressure of battle duty. Rapid exchanges between civic and combatant mind frames augmented mental pressure. The combatants were forced to incline to conducts and abilities that guaranteed every day survival. Nonetheless, a war awareness state of mind was vulnerable to combat dreadfulness. Post traumatic stress disorder had been exposed among numerous combatants. The anxiety condition was largely observed in combatants who returned from a war zone. Symptoms associated with post traumatic stress disorder were noted on returning combatants. However, a prominent challenge was faced by medical practitioners on how they could distinguish between post traumatic stress disorder and gentle distressing menta l power damage. Both health situations had comparable indicators and were common among combatants from war deployment. If combatants suffered frequently alternated mental conditions and rapid mind state exchanges augmented psychological pressure then multiple war zones deployment of combatants that increased mental state exchange led to incidents of post traumatic stress disorders. Literature Review War combatants have, recently, suffered increased post traumatic stress disorders. More than a fifth of war soldiers have been diagnose with post traumatic stress disorder. The combatants have suffered hallucination, stimulation, and slumber troubles among other post traumatic stress indicators.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hurdles have existed for the soldiers to revert back to normal society life. Tough war instructions for endurance in Iraq and Afghanistan had no value in s ociety life setting. However, the instructions did not fritter away. A lonesome sensation might engulf a combatant away from his or her colleagues. Combatants were projected to constrict their emotions. Nevertheless, the situation led to concealed battle sufferings. Society life could have, probably, been a source of illogical outbreaks and distressing incidents (Scott, 2009 p. 1). War soldiers that returned from duty had mixed feelings from the battle fields. The mind frame applied in the battle grounds was different to that suitable for community living. The soldiers had a difficult time as they endeavored to conceal their emotions. Eventually, the suppressed emotions led to increased despair among the soldiers. It was through the alteration of different mental frames that traumatic conditions increased. Majority of the combat soldiers that were repeatedly deployed to war zones suffered post traumatic stress disorders. Combatants on homecoming from army responsibilities in recent Iraq wars had shown indications of post traumatic stress disorder. Projected statistics that an eighth of the Iraq war combatants experienced post traumatic stress disorder was standard. Most combatants opted not to request for wellbeing assistance based on discernment of post traumatic stress disorder. The condition had been viewed as a disappointment among army personnel. Post traumatic stress disorder state had led many combatants to engage in social misconducts. Redeployed combatants have experienced nightmares that were dreadful than the actual war situation (Radut, 2008 p.1). Repeated exposure to war situations impacted on soldiers psychologically. A combatant’s mind frame was open to different mind frames that interfered with the thought process. The condition created an inferiority complex among combatants that led to fear of wellbeing assistance. Mental challenges were transferred into the soldier’s social life with severe consequences. Soldier deployed to war zones repeatedly have suffered numerous social setbacks. Most families tolerated and recognized, honestly, that war uncovered them to unparalleled pressures and danger of lifelong wounds.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Investigations have suggested that marriage pressures, danger of infant abuse, and other hazardous family troubles degenerate as combatants obliged to numerous war deployments. Majority of combatants that returned from war deployment suffered states of despair, shift to drug misuse, restless slumber, and departure from family duties. These conditions and behaviors were indicators of post traumatic stress disorders (Crary, 2008 p.1). Combatants that undertook multiple war zone deployments suffered social problems. The social challenges could be attributed to the combatants’ s tate of mind and social connection. Soldiers assigned repeatedly to war zones were expected to change their mind frames frequently from civilian and combatant states. Mind frame variations might have led to a state of post traumatic stress disorder. Modern wars have been uniquely prepared based on the operation models. Most families found the war deployment durations shocking. Statistics have revealed that 15% of combatants with wives assigned for duty in Iraq planned for marriage separation. It was estimated that the rates would triple with more deployments. With increased social life challenges, most combatants ended up with post traumatic stress disorder conditions. Military administration has acknowledged that army household violence has increased compared to other citizen families (Vest, 2008 p. 1). Combatants repeatedly deployed to war zones were destabilized socially. Families of the combatants suffered great loses that led to separations. It is obvious that combatants at war had disturbed mind frames. The though process of most combatants were transformed from social to war zone status interchangeably. Mental reflections of family and war zones created confusion in the minds of combatants. The alterations resulted into an anxiety state of post traumatic stress disorder. Frequent deployment of combatants to war zones and deficiency of psychological wellbeing personnel in army establishments had assisted in growth of social problems. Recurrent combat personnel assignments have been connected to increased rate of psychological troubles. Self inflicted deaths in the military were anticipated to increase above 140 cases. According to administrators self imposed fatalities have been on an upward trend compared to the general public. Army overseers revealed that a spotlight on increasing psychologists in the military was unavoidable. The military required 300 additional therapists and 800 extra psychologists. Majority of the combatants suffered post traumatic stress disorders (Schwartz, 2009 p.1). Combatants have experienced increased post traumatic stress disorders when in combat and at home. The situation was worsened by lack of wellbeing assistance. Soldiers like other humans, experienced thoughts.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, psychological states of the combatants were shifted based on assigned duties. Rearrangement of the mind frame resulted in mental disorders among military personnel away in combat. Ultimately, most soldiers experienced psychological challenges that affected their social lives. Health care attention deficiency augmented the metal disorder predicament among soldiers. Therapy and psychological attention was inadequate for the increased anxiety situation. Alteration in a soldier’s mental state impacted on their duty performances. Combatants in a single psychological state would respond outstandingly compared to the individual in a mixed psychological state. Research findings have suggested that combatants in a war mind state observed instructions confidently. Furthermore, combatants in the battle mental state would show less indicators of post traumatic stress disorder (Anestis, 2009 p.1). The focused mental state results had shown that it was better for the combatants to have a single mind state at a time. However, multiple deployments of soldiers to war zones would not permit soldiers to have a single mind frame. Most soldiers were frequently redeployed to war zones. Modern wars have a prolonged tendency. Combatants are constantly called to duty after short periods. The continued war zone postings forced several combatants to adapt a mixed mind set. A post traumatic stress disorder status would result from the assorted mental conditions. Military personnel administrators ought to develop diagnostic procedures for the army staff. Proper diagnosis of mental disorder conditions can assist war veterans psychologically. Psychological wellbeing guidebooks were presented for mental conditions identification. Diagnostic and statistical manuals of mental health documents (DSM) have been employed in detection of psychological health. Diagnostic method that applied biological process (DSM IV) contained records and explanations on mental analyses was appropri ately applied to the war combatants. The information on the guidebook assisted investigations and enhanced communiquà © for scientific performance. The guideline utilizes identified conduct or mental indicators or models. Post traumatic stress disorder patients had a noteworthy danger of experienced fatality, hurt, inability, or los of sovereignty. The system utilizes a multi aligned arrangement that incorporated multiple disorder indicators (Ma, 2009 p.1). Mental health diagnosis for the war combatants returning home had to be conducted by consultation of the diagnostic and statistical manuals of mental health guidebook. Standards on how diagnoses of psychological conditions were formulated by the American Psychiatric Association. Updates have been provided with increased research and development of the mental diagnosis procedures. War combatants can be diagnosed effectively by applying principles of the DSM IV approach. The DSM IV method permitted the psychiatrist to observe mult iple indicators of mental disorder in patients. Nevertheless, caution had to be observed to prevent a misdiagnosis of the condition. Post traumatic stress disorders indicators were found to be similar to other mental confusion conditions. Further analyses were required in the determination of psychological status. Problem statement Soldiers returning from repeated deployment to war zones have been misdiagnosed for mental conditions. Mental health care providers have failed to present the appropriate diagnosis that led to timely therapy. Therefore, a study that can reveal the significance of adapting a DSM IV diagnostic approach to soldier’s mental health would be proper. It was necessary for research to be conducted on the effects of repeated redeployment of soldiers to war zones and the psychological effects established. Methodology Literature review on secondary data would be sufficient to ascertain the validity of the DSM IV approach to mental health diagnosis. Information should be sourced from books, journals, and other relevant publications to support the research theory. Information on combatants’ psychological wellbeing can be gathered from military records and databases. However, primary research ought to be intensified to support existing suggestions. Conclusion Repeated military deployments to war zones had a psychological effect on the soldiers. From the texts examined, evidence of post traumatic stress disorders were discovered in combatants that were continually deployed into war zones. Traumatic conditions were caused by alterations in the mental state of an individual. It was discovered that most soldiers were forced to rapidly transform their mental status from battle field to society experiences. Majority of the combatants had difficulties coping with the mixed mind sets. Consistent change of the mind frame resulted in mind confusion and disturbance. Ultimately, the war soldier’s mental status was led into disarray and th ey developed anxiety disorder. Post traumatic stress disorder resulted fro a continued alteration of the mind frame. War soldiers who were constantly redeployed to war zones suffered mental challenges. Research had suggested that the psychological situations of war veterans on repeated war zone deployments were traumatized. In some instances, the experiences were horrific and led to nightmares and social misconducts. Therefore, the hypothesis that stated; if combatants suffered frequently alternated mental conditions and rapid mind state exchanges augmented psychological pressure then multiple war zones deployment of combatants that increased mental state exchange led to incidents of post traumatic stress disorders was validated. Multiple Deployments to war zones led to Increased Incidents of post traumatic stress disorder Works Cited Anestis, Michael D. Battlemind: Testing the efficacy of an early intervention for soldiers returning from deployment. Psychotherapy Brown Bag. 12 Oct 2009. Web. Crary, David. As Wars Lengthened, Toll On Military Families Mounts. ejfi.org. 15 Aug 2008. 14 Mar 2010 http://www.ejfi.org/family/family-53.htm Ma, Xiaohui. Introduction to the DSM-IV. Docstoc.com. 31 Oct 2009. Web. Radult, Evil. Personal dealings with veterans Adminstration and exacerbation of my PTSD symptoms. veteran.com. 18 Jul 2008. Web. Schwartz, Jeremy. Fort Hood shooting receives mental health concerns. statesman.com. 26 Nov 2009. Web. Scott, Bob. Fighting the War Within. Veterans struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder. therapytimes.com. 17 Aug 2009. Web. Vest, Gerald. New Civilization News: Long Deployments Breaking Up Families. newciv.org. 12 Dec 2008. 22 Feb 210 http://www.newciv.org/nl/newslog.php/_v45/__show_article/_a000400-000056.htm This research paper on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment was written and submitted by user Kayson Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Find Out If You Should Wear a Brace with Tendinitis

Find Out If You Should Wear a Brace with Tendinitis Tendinitis is a condition where the tissue connecting the muscle to the bone becomes inflamed.  This usually occurs when someone overuses or injures a tendon during a sport. The parts of the body most commonly affected include the elbow, wrist, finger, and thigh. How People Often Get Tendinitis Common types of tendinitis (also known as tendonitis) includes tennis or golfers elbow, De Quervains tenosynovitis, and swimmers shoulder. Tendinitis is most associated with older people, due to elasticity and weakness in age, as well as with adults who are active in sports. Tendinosis is similar to tendinitis but has chronic, long-term, and degenerative effects. Everyday activities that can cause tendinitis to come about may include household tasks like cleaning, gardening, painting, scrubbing, and shoveling. There are also more stagnant issues, like poor posture or stretching before activities, which can increase risk factors. Avoid Wearing a Brace for Tendinitis When dealing with tendinitis, limiting the repetitive stress is good but immobilizing the joint is bad. The worst is when you wear  a brace and continue to use the joint thats suffering from tendinitis, as the injury needs rest. A brace is often used as a crutch, and much like walking on a sprained ankle, you will continue to injure the tendon. You should not use a brace or splint unless under the direction of a medical professional who is proficient in repetitive stress treatments. If you are treating your tendinitis yourself, however, follow the guidelines below. Support Your Tendinitis in an Alternative Way Use a brace only at times of rest, when you wont be tempted to overuse the injured joint. At other times, allow pain to be your guide: if it hurts, dont do it. Remember that the goal is to heal the injury, not continue to work, further injuring the  body. If you need to use the joint, consider using a flexible support item, such as a sports wrap bandage. This can keep the area warm and supported while limiting the range of motion. Youll have less chance of causing further injury to the affected area or to overstress a new area (which can thereby injure that, a common side effect of using a brace). Get Help for the Pain Tendinitis pain can be helped in several ways, including with rest, slowing down exercises, applying ice and cold packs to the affected area, and using over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicines like ibuprofen.  Tendinitis tends to fade in four to six weeks when properly healing. Getting enough sleep is also important and will help with overall health and fitness. Its equally as important to keep exercising, but any activity that will stress the affected area is to be avoided at all costs, even if the pain has stopped. Avoiding any motion that caused pain in the first place is recommended. Applying a range of motion exercises, like gently moving the joint through its full range of motion, also helps to prevent stiffness and strengthen the muscle around it.

Audience Misdirection in Magic Acts

Audience Misdirection in Magic Acts For hundreds of years, magicians have performed acts which are perceived to be impossible, causing the viewer to question how the act was performed. The viewer would generally know that act performed by the magician will use some sort of trickery or illusion, but still viewers are usually unable to detect the change when it occurs, even when the trick is in full view of the audience. Sometimes when a magician performs a magic trick, he uses misdirection to trick the audience. The magician would usually draw your attention elsewhere while the trick is being performed to stop the audience seeing how it is done (Kuhn, Amlani lasting only 15 seconds, where the magician was to drop a lighter and cigarette into his lap without the audience seeing, causing the audience to think the items had magically disappeared. First the magician removes the cigarette from the packet and deliberately puts it in his mouth the wrong way round. He then pretends to light the cigarette, which enhances the a udience’s interest in the mouth/cigarette region. Both magician and the audience then realise the mistake, and the magician turns the cigarette around with his left hand while keeping his gaze fixed on his hand and cigarette. During this time the magician drops the lighter into his lap, which is in his right hand. He then causes attention to go to the disappearance of the lighter by attempting to light the cigarette. When he is unable to light the cigarette, he looks to his right hand, snaps his fingers and waves his hand; pulling the audiences’ attention to his right hand. While the audience are looking at the disappearance of the lighter in the right hand, the magician drops the cigarette from a height of around 15cm. He then turns his gaze to his left hand, and opens it to show that the cigarette is also disappeared. The magician uses gaze direction to disguise his actions while performing the trick (Tatler however the dropping of the cigarette was done in full vie w of the audience, from about 15cm above the table top, but this action is also not usually detected, usually due to gaze misdirection. This shows that the magician successfully misdirected the audience’s overt and covert attention at the correct time during the trick, right when the disappearance occurs.

Subcultures & Countercultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Subcultures & Countercultures - Essay Example 3) a. Dominant Culture Dominant culture encompasses the prevailing customs, religion, norms, and all things that constitute a society. Mediated by ideological representations, members of society live the dominant culture’s reality without questioning its origins. The dominant culture in the film was characterized by loyalties in the institutions of family, marriage, and moral standards. The family of the bride was traditional and ideal in the sense that the mother, father, and daughter fulfilled their stereotypical roles. The father, who was a deputy of the Cultural Order, symbolizes crumbling morality as represented by the broken marriage of the groom’s parents, and the president who slept with a black prostitute. b. Subculture Subculture refers to a societal group that embodies the resistances and deviations from the dominant culture. This segment of society possesses its own style, language, norms, and beliefs. In the film, gay men wore make-up, corsets, silk robes, and high heels. Albin (Michel Serrault) spoke in high-pitched voice and considered herself a woman. In one scene, Albin and Renato (Ugo Tognazzi) were in a bar crowded with heterosexual men. The gay subculture in that scene manifested how sexually and physically distant it was from the dominant culture. c.

Benefits of immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benefits of immigration - Research Paper Example ds that may lead to influx of population, additional spending on the welfare in order to provide them housing, employment, education and other basic facilities. Coppel, Dumont and Visco (7) mentioned that United States is the major country that is receiving immigrants in huge numbers among the OECD countries. Most of migration policies accept immigrants in form of visitors, family reunion allowing the family members to stay permanently, asylum seekers; skill based migration and on the basis of naturalization rules. The policies defined by the nations not only allow migration of people but also benefits the host country economically and culturally which is analyzed in the present paper. Most of the policy makers debate upon the role of immigration that can ease the economic and budgetary impacts of declining and ageing OECD populations and addressing skilled labor shortages in various sectors (Coppel, Dumont and Visco, 4). Most of the nations would benefit from the immigration as it will lead to inflow of people into the market benefiting the native born population. Immigrants will buy goods and services from the native industries resulting in increased profit to the native firms and people (Novelguide.com, 14). According to recent report by Dr. Raul Hinojosa-Ojeda, it is found that comprehensive immigration reform will enable future flow of legal workers resulting in large economic benefit of $1.5 trillion in US GDP over the next 10 years (Immigration Policy Center, 1).The benefits of additional GDP growth would be spread throughout the US economy and higher earning power of newly legalized workers will result in the increase of tax revenues of $4.5 to 5.4 billion and will stimulate the economy giving rise to services in banking sector, housing and business. United Kingdom, too, witnessed growth in its GDP due to immigration and allowing the employers greater choice in a wider labour market and to find better match between vacancies and available labour (UK

Ethical behavior Essay Example for Free

Ethical behavior Essay One of the primary rules of conduct in the medical profession is â€Å"First, do no harm,† and it is upon this directive that most matters of ethics in medicine can be grounded. Ethical behavior rests on this principle. It is the norm and is what is expected from all doctors and nurses. For instance, providing a patient with all relevant information to enable him to make an informed decision on whether to undergo surgery or not is considered ethical and proper. Most unethical behavior, on the other hand, stems from a desire for profit, although the actual participants (nurses, in particular) in an unethical act may only be taking part to preserve their job. A blatant (although unlikely) example of unethical behavior in a doctor would be the performance of surgery while under the influence of alcohol or another substance that adversely affects mental functions. Another is the recommendation and performance of unnecessary surgery (where simpler treatments would have sufficed) for extra profit. For many doctors and nurses, committing ethical or unethical acts is partly a matter of conforming to their organization’s rules. Ethical dilemmas relate directly to the organizational effectiveness of the system of doctors and nurses who work together—participation in ethical and unethical acts has a direct bearing on the efficiency of this system. In the case of routine circumcision, for example, a doctor may choose to continue encouraging new parents to get their babies circumcised because it would mean extra profit, in spite of the misgivings of his fellow doctors. However, it is not only the â€Å"cooperative† aspect of ethical and unethical behavior that is significant. Even if all members of an organization agree to cooperate in unethical behavior, an awareness of the â€Å"unethicality† of their actions can leave a seriously negative impression on the organization’s members, which could adversely affect their performance and thus render the organization much less than optimally efficient. It would therefore be towards the benefit of an organization to abide by practices that are generally considered ethical.

Pluralism :: Federalist Papers pluralistic theory

American Pluralism In Federalist No. 10, James Madison stresses that â€Å"measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority.† Madison philosophized that a large republic, composed of numerous factions capable of competing with each other and the majority must exist in order to avoid tyranny of majority rule.# When Federalist No. 10 was published, the concept of pluralism was not widely used. However, the political theory that is the foundation for United States government was the influential force behind pluralism and its doctrines. Pluralism comes from the political system that focuses on shared power among interest groups and competing factions.# A pluralistic society contains groups that have varying interests and backgrounds, including those of ethnic, religious, and political nature.# Differences like these are to be encouraged, with overall political and economic power being maintained. When a number of people, all sharing a common interest are threatened, a group is involuntarily formed in order to defend against competing interests. These pluralistic interest groups are free to operate and lobby in the political arena, fighting against the majority and other competing factions for voice in Congress. With the influence of multiple factions operating throughout the political system, a balance of power is created (Kernell 2000, 429). This is much like the international theory of sovereign states balancing each other’s power to create a political system that focuses on stability, yet is always in a constant flux of power. With this in mind, special interest groups are constantly contending for power by raising money, campaigning, and lobbying in Congress. When a special interest group is threatened by a competing policy, the group will organize efforts to balance, or transcend the power of the competing group. The pluralistic scholar David Truman notes that â€Å"the proliferation of political interest groups [is] a natural and largely benign consequence of economic development† (Kernell 2000, 429). That is, as American economic development increases, in the form of industry, trade, and technology, factions are produced in order to protect special interests. Factions have a large platform on which to find support from various political parties, committees, subcommittees, and the courts, as well as federal, state, and local governments (Kernell 2000, 429).

Bibliography of Famous Authors Essay

In this article by Robert Scholes, it talks about the hope and memory in My Antonia. He says the characters find themselves by looking back at the past. He said â€Å"we are reminded of this past constantly: by the Bohemian customs and culinary practices of the Shimerdas; by the observations of Otto Fuch on the relationship of Austrians and Bohemians I the old country; and especially by the Catholic religion of the Bohemians, which is their strongest link with the past, and which serves to bind them together and to separate them from the protestant society of their adopted and†¦Antonia cherishes her connection with the past† it talks about the characters and their past and how it has impacted their lives. I will use this to tie back into my thesis because this is basically what my whole paper is about. My paper based on the character’s past and how it impacts them later in life. The article talks a lot of the past memories that I can use in my research paper. Lucenti, Lisa Marie. â€Å"Willa Cathers My Antonia: Haunting the Houses of Memory.† Twentieth Century   Literature 46 (2000): Literary Reference Center, Galileo. MPHS Library, 18 April 2011 (#33 a work from an online service to which your library subscribes) This article analyzes My Antonia and it’s theme of memory and how it haunts some of the characters. It talks about the story of the wolves and how its haunted Peter and Pavel and how that brings gothic to the story. It also tells why Cather included some of the memories that she did in the novel. It tells the importance of those memories to the characters. I will talk about the memories it mentions and how they are important to the story and to the characters lives. Their past is what makes them who they are and it is important to mention why they are so important to them. This article analyzes the theme and I can use some of that information to help with my argument. Meeker, Joseph W. â€Å"Willa Cather: The Plow and The Pen† Willa Cather’s Ecological Imagination. Ed. Susan Rosowski. Volume 5. Lincoln: U of Nebraska, 1986. (#18 a selection from an anthropology) In this article, Meeker talks about the symbols mentioned in Cather’s novels. It talks about the plow and the landscape in My Antonia. It also talks about how some of the symbols represent the past. The article mentioned imagery throughout the novel and how the Nebraska plains had an impact on Jim. It also mentioned some of the imagery in O Pioneers! and other novels by Cather. I will use the information to help support my thesis on the symbols and theme and how it impacts the characters in the novel. In the article when it talks about the land and how it ties back to the past, I will use that to help my thesis. It has very good detail on everything represented in the novel and it will help me develop my paragraphs on symbolism. Gross, Jonathan D. â€Å"Recollecting Emotion in Tranquility: Wordsworth and Byron in Cather’s My à ntonia   and Lucy Gayheart† Cather Studies 7 (2007): Literary Reference Center, Galileo. MPHS Library 18 April 2011 (#33 a work from an online service to which your library subscribes) This article compares My Antonia with novels from Wordsworth and Byron. They all share similar qualities in their writings. In this article it talks about theme and symbols in My Antonia. In both My Antonia and in â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey†, they talk about the theme of nature and how it impacts the characters. This whole article compares My Antonia to other works by Cather, Wordsworth, and Byron. I will use the information about the theme of nature and symbols mentioned in the article. There’s not a whole lot I can use on My Antonia but it has good information about theme and symbols throughout out the novel. It talks about how Cather focused on landscape and sensitivity of the reader to relate the past. Hallgarth, Susan A. â€Å"Archetypal Patterns in Shadows on the Rock†. Colby Quarterly 24 (1988): 2-4. (#22 An article in a journal with continuous pagination throughout the annual volume) In this article, it talks about symbols and how they represent something in the novel. It talks about how shadows are a repeated pattern in My Antonia and how Antonia breaking away from her mother is a symbol of her going through a new beginning. It compared symbols in My Antonia to some in Death Comes for the Archbishop and how they relate to one another. In the article it says â€Å" Burden’s discovery of pastness in the present allows him to see Antonia as all the ‘image’ which do not fade and herself, a ‘battered woman’ (MA, 352, 353). So I will use that in the paragraph I will have talking about how the past still reminds him of Antonia because his childhood is basically Antonia. All of his memories remind Jim of her because she is a big part in his past.

Development of Transcendentalism

The resistance of some ministers and congregations in Boston and eastern Massachusetts to key doctrines of Calvinism started to divide the New England Puritan churches during the mid-1700s. Calvinism centered on the doctrines of John Calvin whose theology emphasized the absolute nature of sovereignty of God and the certainty of human depravity (Robinson). The religious divisions became significant because they resulted to the establishment of a religious liberalism movement that eventually called Unitarianism (Robinson).The Unitarianism movement became the center of various well-established churches in Boston and at Harvard College. It allowed the liberals to achieve cultural and intellectual influence that exceeded their small numbers and played a significant role in the formation of a powerful American liberal tradition in literature, education, politics, and the arts (Robinson). The political and literary movement of transcendentalism was formed in the 1830s and 1840s because of t he movement of liberal theology in Boston (Robinson).The goal of the Unitarianism was to spread its message of human capability and positive spiritual development even though it continued to be in conflict with its Calvinist opponents (Robinson). However, several younger Unitarian ministers started to take a different approach to the problem concerning religious knowledge, including Ralph Waldo Emerson (Robinson). Emerson, who was the leader of the Transcendentalist movement, considered that the transcendental law was the moral law through which people discovered the living spirit of God (â€Å"Transcendentalism†).He published his book, titled â€Å"Nature† in 1836, which formed a novel way of intellectual thinking in the United States (â€Å"Transcendentalism†). He suggested a theory of religion based on intuition instead of empirical evidence, which explains that the religious sentiment is deeply rooted into the nature of mind itself (Robinson). He insisted th e relation between mind and nature because both were instruments of a divine energy that formed reality and provided value and significance (Robinson).Emerson shifted into the role of freelance lecturer and followed his book â€Å"Nature† with two lectures at Harvard: â€Å"The American Scholar† and the â€Å"Divinity School Address† (Robinson). He also published two books about his developing philosophy, â€Å"Essays† (1841) and â€Å"Essays: Second Series (1844) (Robinson). In the â€Å"Divinity School Address,† Emerson pointed out the criticism of the traditional preaching during Emerson’s time and its consideration of a universally available capability of the religious sentiment rather than mediated by the church or by the supernatural intervention of Jesus (Robinson).The transcendentalist philosophy of Emerson is a religion of the spiritually liberated heart and mind, unbounded by party or church (Erickson viii). Emerson urged in his l ecture, titled â€Å"The American Scholar,† to remove America’s two-hundred-year-long reliance on European thought and to realize oneself as a civilization who can think his or her own thought and can create his or her own philosophy, poetry and vision of life (Ericson viii). His religion is described as a metaphysical idealism in which the material universe is only the appearance of underlying divine unity expressed in various individuals (Ericson x).He also visualized religions as an emotional interaction between the unitary spiritual power of goodness called â€Å"Oversoul† and an individual soul (â€Å"Transcendentalism†). Emerson also referred â€Å"Oversoul† to spirit of God as the most significant thing in the world (â€Å"Transcendentalism†). Several works by other individuals who believed in transcendentalist movement were also published in 1836, the year when the book â€Å"Nature† was also published.These included William H enry Furness’ â€Å"Remarks of the Four Gospels,† Convers Francis’ â€Å"Christianity as a Purely Internal Principle,† and Amos Bronson Alcott’s â€Å"Conversations with Children on the Gospels† (Robinson). One of the key legacies of Transcendentalism is the â€Å"The Dial,† a journal edited by Emerson and Margaret Fuller to offer a venue of expression for transcendental writing (Robinson). â€Å"The Dial† published poetry, book reviews and fiction as well as preaching and theological writings and commentary about social and political reform (Robinson).It also provided a chance for transcendentalists such as Emerson, Theodore Parker, Fuller, Amos Bronson Alcott, Christopher Pearse Cranch, Jones Very, and Henry David Thoreau to have a place in the literary movement in New England (Robinson). Thoreau often helped Emerson in copyediting and preparing the publication of â€Å"The Dial† magazine (Robinson). His involvement in â€Å"The Dial† magazine provided him a chance to know every detail of publishing operations and an exposure to the writing of his contemporaries (Robinson).Emerson and Thoreau played an important role in the emergence of New England Transcendentalism by representing it in the United States. They influenced other writers to apply transcendental ideas in their works (â€Å"Transcendentalism†). Thoreau’s book, titled â€Å"Walden,† or â€Å"Life in the Woods,† published in 1845 turned out to be a literary and environmental classic. It reflected on the dual identity of Thoreau as a poet-seer and a skillfull and grounded realist (Robinson). In addition to â€Å"Walden†, Thoreau published his â€Å"Journal† and various key nature essays such as â€Å"Walking,† â€Å"Wild Apples,† and â€Å"Autumnal Tints† in 1862.These publications focused on Emerson’s characterization of the spiritual importance of the natural world and the preservation of nature (Robinson). Thoreau became the original literary voice in a significant tradition of environmental writing and American nature (Robinson). He represented an American culture’s longing for the simpler life, symbolizing an increasing collective desire for a freedom from a society described as meaningless work and full of material consumption (Robinson).His writings during the 1960s and 1970s focused on the enhancement of the environmental ethic during that time (Robinson). According to Reuben, the basic premises of Transcendentalism are that: an individual is the spiritual center of the universe, acceptance of the neo-Platonic conception of nature as a living mystery, similarity between the structure of the universe and the structure of the individual self, and the belief that individual virtue and happiness rely on self-realization.The author also mentions the reasons behind the emergence of American Transcendentalism, which include the co ntinuous decline in Calvinism, the impact of science and technology on the advancement of secularization of modern thought, the rise of a Unitarian intellectual elite with the means and training to continue literature and scholarship, the growing irrelevance of liberal religion, the effect of European ideas on Americans traveling abroad, and the appearance of talented individuals such as Emerson, Fuller and Thoreau on the scene.The significance of the Transcendentalism is the manifestation of a romantic movement in philosophy and literature (â€Å"Transcendentalism†). Transcendentalism became an ethical guide to positive life and focused on the positive side of human nature. Moreover, it emphasized the tolerance of difference in religious belief and asserted on the importance of dignity and worth of the individual as a powerful tool for democracy (â€Å"Transcendentalism†).The transcendentalists played an important role in giving American culture its first distinctive voice in literature, bringing artistic undertaking and aesthetic appreciation in culture and providing advancement on several issues such as the cause of social justice and human rights (Robinson).

Edward Scissorhands essays

Edward Scissorhands essays In the film E.S symbollism lets people view E.S on a deeper level and helps them understand the message of the movie more clearly . It is symbolism that makes the film E.S so interesting .A number of symbols remain through out the whole movie . Hands are used to show the difference between E.S and people , colour is used to show the difference between good and evil and the most important symbol is Snow which is used to show the love between E.S and Kim . The symbolism of Love is seen easily by anyone who may watchs this film. Hands are a very immportant symbol in the move . It is the symbol of acceptance and the difference between E.S and people . Hands were used at the very beging of the movie even in the credits. Which made it obvious who was good and who was bad . Hands played a very immpotant role in the movie E.S.Peg used her hands as communication , Joyce were used in such away it made her look evil and powerful. Hands also take a very big part in every day activities such as eating ,communicating and even love. E.S could not touch any one with his scissor hands because he hurt them. People did not want to accept E.S because he was different to them .Which lead to E.S being called a cripple and freak Just because he was different to everyone .E.S was accepted by the black police officer because he knew what it was like for people that were different and how some people can be very nasty because to people that are different. Black , red ,white and pastal colours were used as symbols .Black is normally seen as the symbol for a bad person but in E.S case it is the oposite.White is used as peacefulness and love. White was a very important colour because it was the symbol of E.S love for kim . E.S could not touch Kimbecause every time he did he cut her or hurt her in someway so he used white snow show his love for Kim. Red was used to symbolis evilness and symbolic of the divil and satin.At christmas every one was ...

Picking up the Lego pieces - Lego's turnaround or not Essay

Picking up the Lego pieces - Lego's turnaround or not - Essay Example The result was a disaster. Lego adopted the diversification strategy of expanding its market to include girls and older boys and selling new and unrelated products like clothes, watches, video games and theme parks to these new markets. Like other companies that went beyond their core competence – in Lego’s case, making toys for 5-9 year-old boys – Lego failed miserably and lost money because market share spiraled downwards as it sold lesser products to lesser customers and incurred higher costs. The CEO hired in 2004, Jorgen Vig Knudstorp, changed the corporate strategy to one of focus and product differentiation. While Lego continued to expand its market to include older age groups, differentiation is not the same as diversification, and in this sense the Economist article was not entirely correct when it claimed â€Å"bits of the diversification strategy remained.† Lego continued to offer the same focused brand of â€Å"play for all† experience – Lego comes from the Danish leg godt which means â€Å"play well† – to a larger market and aligned the rest of the company to be profitably right-sized for it. Lego’s next steps delivered positive results and showed it could â€Å"diversify† into computer based games for an older age group, staying focused and pragmatic while building on its traditional brick-based products (Watts). Its blockbuster Bionicle and Mindstorm product lines led to profitable product extensions like Star Wars and Harry Potter, capitalizing on film tie-ins, and extended market reach to more countries, especially to emerging China and Japan, acknowledged to be Lego’s top market in Asia for construction category toys (McGinn; Lego Website). Cheaper products made in Asia and sold by Tyco under the Super Block brand eroded Lego’s market share in the 1980s. While Lego enjoys first mover advantage and continues to be number one in the construction category toy market, competitors are fighting a marketing war

Statistics Mini-project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Statistics Mini-project - Essay Example And the equation is as below. In work fields, it is the order of the day that you can work with a person and end up being paid very little as compared to what he/she is getting at the end of the pay period (Mailu, S 2000). This is caused by many factors but majority tend to thing that, the level of education, sex, work experience, his/her race, the occupation one is in, the sector, the marital status, where one lives and whether one is a member of the union, has a lot to do with the remuneration package one gets. In view of this, the above project was carried out to determine whether this is true and if not what really matters in such situations. Data was collected and analyzed according to Jacob, C (1998). The way a certain group is represented in the sample determines a lot how that groups will behave and also how their findings will be generalized (Agnes, W 2002). In this case regression analysis is used to determine if the coefficients used are significant or not. According to Smith (2000), regression tells more of how a certain factor contributes towards the other. From tables 1-5 above, the whites earn a bit high than the other races although the difference in wage is not significant. The same applies to the gender; males are a bit high in wage than the females with a difference of 2.11 which is statistically different. Union members earn better than their counterparts who are not union members and have a significant difference of 2.16. In the different job categories, those working in management earn better followed by those that are professionals although the difference is not statistically significant. However, management and professional earn differently from the others categories and the various mean differences are statistically different at 95% confidence level. Clerical jobs are the poorly paid. Experience contributes much as well as the level of education one has attained. Furthers, those that have spend many years in

Human resource management and career management Dissertation

Human resource management and career management - Dissertation Example Since the beginning until today, human race has been able to ensure continuous progression in every aspect of the society from education to business, and from art to medicine.In such developments,business has remained an imperative component of every society;however,expertshave indicated that until few decades ago, business were only a meant of making profits, and employees were only instruments of ensuring that profit in the business. In other words, there was no difference between humans and animals and both were tools of carrying out work for the employers. However, in recent years, there has been noteworthy alteration in the process of business (Harris et al., pp. 56-60, 2003), and one can observe significant changes especially after the introduction of human resource management that has now become an imperative component of every business organization around the globe. Analysis of the literature (Hendry, pp. 20-22, 1995; Armstrong, pp. 71-78, 2006) has indicated that today in th e era of information and technology and in midst of thousands of qualified individuals lurking to acquire a job, career management has come up as a new aspect. It specifically involves provision of opportunities to individuals to explore their career possibilities, development of their career objectives, and provision of strategies to acquire their career. Experts (Miner, pp. 63-68, 2007) now believe that in the era of economic recession and increment in the unemployment, it has now become important for both career management and human resource management to integrate them, in order to ensure effectiveness at both workplaces, as well as in the marketplace (Ulrich, pp. 23-26, 1997). In the result, it is now a premise of this paper that human resource management should or even must be a component of career management in the future as such step will ease the process of recruitment, selection, and development of employees in the workplace. Additionally, it will allow the employers, as w ell as employees to acquire their targets easily in the marketplace. In order to understand the significance of making HRM a component of career management, the paper will now attempt to understand different current roles of HRM. Particularly, HRM is one of the tactical components (Lumsden et al., pp. 46-55, 2009) within a business entity, which ensures efficient handling of existing, as well as potential labor force. In particular, the major responsibility of HRM is to employ human workforce and make sure that they work in accordance with the identified goals and objectives of the organization, which HRM does by ensuring timely provision of all the required resources essential for such fulfillment. Experts (Briscoe & Schuler, pp. 50-54, 2004) have noticed that nowadays, HRM is also involved in dealing with factors, such as advantages, remuneration, efficiency of workers, productivity of employees, and most importantly, effective communication between employees and employers in the organization. From this brief understanding of the role of HRM, it seems that HRM can be very beneficial in ensuring effective implementation of career management. Unfortunately, nowadays, career has become a synonymous term to job, which is completely inappropriate and inaccurate. Particularly, career is a sequence of jobs, and job is a term that refers to a work that an individual takes to complete it (Grimshaw, pp. 20-25, 2009). In this regard, HRM should be a part of career management, as it can support the later to enable employees to manage their career in the most effective manner rather than sticking to a single job while changing different organizations, and considering it career management. Fortunately, nowadays, a huge number of business organizations are taking their workforce as basic pillars for the success of their organization (Mabey et al., pp. 25-30, 1998). In the result, employers are these days putting efforts to provide

MANAGING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MANAGING - Essay Example The human resource management as a research field describes and deals with the organizational human capital. Wherever, humans are involved, there will be power politics present as well. In this way, the philosophy of postmodernism defines organizations as a setup that is a social entity, and it remains subjected to political forces as well (Jordan & Troth, 2004). The sub-concept of power roles emerged because organizations are powerhouses, and therefore, somebody has to house the power. The operational power of getting things done resides with the middle managers, and the top ones have to operate through them in order to keep moving the organization forwards in strategic terms. The humans have a propensity to watch their self-interest as well. The managers create problems by choosing strategies that cause them to face least amount of pain and struggle. They do not necessarily safeguard and look after the interests of the shareholders that is the prime purpose of their existence (Solansky, 2008). The literature of management calls the abovementioned phenomenon as the agency problem. The agency problem manifests itself when agents do not serve the objectives of their principles. The managers are agents of the shareholders of a specific company, but the former group has to assist the latter one in the process of attaining the goals. The corporate world operates in order to provide dividends to the investors, and the organisations also provide capital gains to the shareholders by increasing the market demand of their shares. The agency problems originates when managers have a belief that they can get away with committing fraud with the investors. The employees develop the tendency to skip and avoid their responsibilities because they might be experiencing psychological contract breach. They attempt to balance out their professional efforts with their current

How To Assess Information And Knowledge

How To Assess Information And Knowledge The main aim of this assignment is to provide Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, on how to assess information and knowledge internally and externally to improve decision making and taking while creating strategies to increase personal networking to widen involvement in the decision-making process. This assignment also helped Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd develop communication process to improve the gathering and dissemination of information and organizational knowledge. Furthermore it assessed the current approach of information management by Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd also highlighted with suggestion and the way the culture effects the communication procedure is recognized and discussed. Acknowledgement This project could have not been written without Mr.Frank Gunasekara. Who encouraged and challenged me through my academic program. He never accepted less than my best efforts. Thank you. I make no claim to be comprehensive since what is collected in this project are materials that I found in articles, Books, Interviews and the internet. A special thanks to the authors mentioned in the bibliography page. I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my family and friends. And specially to Mr.Suranga Liyanarachi [Human Resource Manager] of Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Words cannot express what I owe them for there encouragement and whose patient love enabled me to complete this project. And especially to Allah, Who made all things possible. Table of Contents List of Illustrations Organizational Structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 8 L1 Introduction of Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd., was founded by a man with a great vision, the late Mr. Anverally. Which was over a 100 years ago, His vision was to establish the finest pure Ceylon teas. After a century passed his vision was made a reality by his successors. Today Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, exports the finest teas in the world to over 37 countries which includes Europe, Asia, CIS states and the Middle East. And being registered members of the Colombo Tea Traders Association, Ceylon Chamber of Commerce, National Chamber of Commerce, the Export Development Board and the Srilanka Tea Board. Being having a good relationship with a number of plantation companies and estates around the island, Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd has some of the most experienced tea tasters in the business, Vital for the important process of blending that makes Ceylon Tea so famous around the world today. Mission OUR MISSION IS TO CREATE PERFECTION SECOND TO NONE IN EVERY OUNCE OF TEA WE EXPORT [Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, Website] www.anverally.com/ceylon-black-green.html Organizational Structure Director of Operations and Logistic Director of value added Tea Director of Bulk Tea Director of Finance Senior Executive Human resource manager TEAM General Manager MD/ Chairmen [Figure 1] Organizational structure is the frame work, typically hierarchical, within which Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Arranges its lines of authority and communications, and makes sure to allocates there rights and duties. This organizational structure shows the manner and the extent to which power, roles and responsibilities are delegated, coordinated and controlled and how information flows between levels of management. Being having a Horizontal structure [Flat hierarchy] the number of people in layers is less. Anverally and sons being having a wide span of control there are many employees reporting to a superior. But in the narrow span of control only a few employees are reporting to a superior. Being having a wide span of control at Anverally and Sons communication is faster because the message travels faster and shorter distance in the flat structure. There for in this organization communication is more effective and can respond to the changes in the market faster. However in tall structure it takes more time to respond to the changes in the market. Range Of Organizational Decisions Example : At an economic crisis, This is when all the decisions are made by the head-office or the top management. All the decisions making power are help by the top managers and managers at the lower levels do not have power. When important decisions are to be made Anverally and Sons will get the company centralized in all departments and there will be a similar set of rules and regulations. This may lead to greater consistency and when everyone follows the same system there will be more consistency and this will reduce confusion among different departments. It was explained that at Anverally and sons that senior managers are taking all the decisions since they are more matured and experienced and there for the decision will be a good quality decision that will benefit the whole organization. However if junior managers takes the decisions, the decisions may not benefit the organization since they are not experienced. However if Anverally and sons pass down the decision making power to other areas departments or divisions in the business allowing decisions to be taken away from the top management. This reduces the workload for the senior management and there for will make decision making faster. By passing decision making powers to lower levels will speed up the decision making progress and. This will make the organization more flexible and it will be able to react to the changers in the market quickly. And as a result the business will be able to retain its skilled force [work] because everybody will be involved in decision making. Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being a growing company decision making should be decentralized as there are a lot of operations. Information required at different Levels of organization At Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, Strategic Level decisions are taken into consideration by only the Chairman and General Manager which includes them to deal with complex issues, It involves high level of risk since the future is very unpredictable and decides on the objectives of the organization. Tactical Level is handled by the Directors/Executives and they are responsible to ensure that resources are obtained and use effectively and efficiently to accomplish the organizations objectives. Directors/Executives in tactical level operations are the Dir. Operations and logistics, Dir. Value added tea, Dir. Bulk Tea, Dir. Finance and Senior Executive Human resource Director . Operational Level is managed by the Managers and their respective teams, Marketing manager:- Should do an analyst about the competitors and identify its break troughs and make advantages decisions for the organizationa and mainly about the the organizations Products, Price, Place and Promotion. Human Resource manager :- Manages the overall sector of human resource services, programs and policies. Some of the major areas an HRM manages can include as Recruiting staff, Organizational Development, Performance management and improvement systems. Shipping department manager and Logistics head are included as well. They ensure that every top level task they have received is carried out effectively and efficiently. And at this level decisions what needs to be taken into consideration like day to day activity decisions are apart of this department. Effective Communication With Stakeholders Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd does pay a great number of attention to their stakeholders, Whose behaviors and attitude will mean a lot for their difference between the success and failure of the companys organizational mandate. Communication with stakeholders is important and critical for the organization, For the communication to be effectively done Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should identify their key stakeholders. Set Communication Objectives Before developing a message campaign, It is important that Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd to clarify the reason and objectives behind the communication. The main objective of the communication is to inform the stakeholders of some pending action or decision, to engage with them or maybe to prevent or overcome some problems. However if the organization is to inform or raise awareness than affecting the perception or its behavior, the approach of communication will be varied. Choosing a Communication format Messages communicated can vary from personal encounters to mass communication. For an Example: If the objective is to change the behavior, two-way communication is required for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, such as telephone contact or face to face interviews should be used with stakeholders. But if the information which should be one-way informed then it could be used in newspapers, magazine or public service announcements on radio or television could be an appropriate choice for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. Getting feedback on Effectiveness The ultimate goal of effective communications with stakeholders is getting the feedback from the respective stakeholders themselves. By having conducted the research with all relevant constituencies in order to know if the desired message have been received and the expected results with the communication effort. Research can be in the form of Telephone or Internet interviews. Communicating with, Customers :- Customers buys the goods and services. And are expecting quality tea which is safe and in reasonable price. Suppliers :- Suppliers supply the raw materials. Suppliers expectations are continuously high volume business, Timely settling their invoices. There for if the supplier is not happy with the business dealings it may lead to stop supplying the materials. The method used to communicate with these stakeholders is by electronic communication. Internal and External Source of Organization Internal Sources of communication means communication within the organization, Information can be of many types, Example of some major internal source: Organizational Information: Internal source of information to gather data about the organization which includes strategic plans, exit surveys, Focus groups. External Sources of information are where the organization gathers information from official and unofficial sources, but who are effected with the business externally. Example : Sending a message to a supplier Anverally and Sons has a strong strategy of Communicating and motivating its employees. The reason for Anverally and sons to manage its decisions is by having a good communication environment, Good communication does encourage team work. Team work will result in new ideas, New ideas lead to innovation. Good decision making will allow faster decision making. When decision making is fast the business organization can react to changes in the market quickly. Methods of communication used by Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd Oral communication : Which is one to one communication Example : Telephone conversations, Meetings, Interviews, Staff appraisal meeting. Scenario : When the tea cartons are ready for shipment and there is no space for storing since the shipment is being delayed then the Distribution manager contacts the Shipping manager directly and solves the immediate problem. Positives out of this method are that the communication will be more clear and effective because there is immediate feedback and body language can be observed. However if the communication consist of many document it is advisable to note them down in writing so that there will be written records of it. Written communication : A written record is available there for it can be referred back later and will have no disputes as there is evidence. Example : Notice, News Letters, Reports, etc.. However this will be time consuming and there will not be any immediate feedback. Electronic communication : This is the main method where Anverally and sons use for decision making. Since of the high speed communication and immediate response can be identified. Its a more cost effective way for and example : Email is cheaper than postal mail. And a large quantity can be downloaded from the internet. The head office situated in Colombo and the factories being placed in rural areas people still can work as a team due to electronic communication. This method can be sent and received at anytime of the day there for it is more flexible.As a factor to be concerned for Anverally and sons is that, If electronic communication is using text, audio and video messages. Then this can be sent through one communication line. However this way of communication can affect the company by hackers and viruses. It could also lead to information overload since with the internet the information available is too high and could result it such. And to get the employees trained to deal with electronic communication the company will have to have as expense such a training cost. Recommendation for Improvement. At Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd it is identified that the organization use to communicate with their employers and employees using the electronic communication method than oral discussions. As noted the company has few errors of communication as to whom to report or inform. Being having a flat structure the organization has a wide span of control but according to the programs the organization conducts the process of communication is wrong since they use reports and flyers about Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd in every program they conduct. Since Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being an internationally recognized tea export company. It is important to ask, is it enough for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd to limit their communication to the current amount. According to the conditions Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should start up using the oral method more often so that they could communicate to their employees/employers throught face to face discussions. This method would lead to get more innovative ideas on how to prove the service and increase its potential. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should start having group meetings among the different level of the company, This would lead Employees and top management to have a better understanding since there is more human interaction, Besides Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd has to clearly state to whom the employees have to inform regarding different issues and problems they face during operations. Being having a Flat structure it is important to practice horizontal communication since it would help make the internal communication better. And lead to all departments to have better understanding and be more productive. L3 Existing process of communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd does use the two way communication process, which is upward and downwards communication. Being having the downward communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd use to provide information on their current programs and ongoing projects, Since Feedback is also identified the medium used is by daily announcements at the Factory and by having notice boards at every branch and other different media to their employees about the current issues of the business. And having the upward communication process, Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Use this method to communicate with the higher authority through electronic device regarding the various problems which arises from the tactical and operational level. So this method helps them to talk about the issues and their concerns and how to over come these. However since customers are encouraged to contact Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd through the Internet [E-mail] to obtain more information or to make a complain. Since this method is used in the organization their can be miscommunication within the middle layer management since E-mail can be time consuming to answer complicated questions or their might be many misunderstandings because cultural differences in the explanation or understanding of certain words, There for using oral communication [telephone] may be considered as a better solution for providing detailed answers. Greater integration system of communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being an internationally recognized tea exporter, Needs to have a proper communication system and thats critical for its success. If the employees at Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd are not effectively communicating with their customers, clients and other experts, the business will have to face negative situations. Improving effective communication skills within the work force is a important skill that should be mastered. Few of the points Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should look into to make sure all workers are communicating effectively. Executive Information System [EIS] This is a system planned to make and support the information and decision made by the senior executives at Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, it also provides easy right to use both internal and external information valid to meet its calculated goals of the business. Internal Data Organizations financials Organizations resources External Data Stock market Economic databases New services Under this system executives at Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd will be having a clear moniter of companies performances and will be able to forecast, spot and analyze problem, Identifying opportunities and to track competitors activities. Management information system [MIS] This system provides managers at middle level for organizing, evaluating and to resourcefully run their departments, and it also provides past, present and future predicted information with the help of software, data bases and hardware applications. To improve this system Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should develop a technological usage agreement for its staff which help the business and maintain its staff from being disobedient. Includes agreement issues such as off beam web surfing, prohibits visiting virus sites etc.. And also should maintain a schedule of maintenance, this would manage to update and scan for virus and prevent data loss or system crash. Transaction process system [TPS] This system is designed to practice the day-to-day dealings of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd since the business has over 600 outsourced employees advancing this system may lead for the labor-intensive business transactions cto be replaced by automated processes. And their for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can improve its operation efficiency and decrease its transaction cost. Communication Skills of a good manager As the interview with Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Human resource executive Mr.Suranga Liyanarachi. It was identified that there were positives and negatives shown as a manager with his communication skills. Clear communication skill :- As a manager it was clear and effective flow of information which was handed over to the interviewer this makes a good skill of clear communication. Assertive communication skill :- With the ability to express his opinion, ideas, requirements and sentiment in a uncomplicated, non-hesitant way, while also being very diplomatic and respectful of the other person. Integrity :- He is a manager with a lot of integrity in other words is a person who says what he thinks and does what he say hell do. As a result Team transparency, creative approach and performance naturally arise from this. Personal Plan to improve communication skills Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having spotted a weakness of their communication system will have to over come its situation to satisfy its clients and customers and other related experts. Causes for lack of team work Lack of clearness about decision making Who has authority over what, Methods for making decisions are changing or unclear. Lack of team communication skills Discussions, conversation, listening disagreement decision Fundamental nature of the work is not very understandable so its mutually dependent, and therefore teamwork is not really needed. There for to over come this situation Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should implement these strategies as follows, Define member roles and responsibilities. :- Every member has its role to be done and more over it should not overlap with confusion, If the work load are being distributed equally the smoother the work would flow. Acknowledge and reward team members :- This is to ensure that all team members know how their individual effort has contributed to the companies common goal and will give confidence to all stakeholders to repeatedly share their individual input with the entire team. Importance of team meeting and Group discussion to improve communication Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having a competitive business nature will need standard personal interaction more that ever. Although they have once a week meeting with all executive heads and have meetings every three months on strategic planning, By having electronic communication [telephone and online communication] may allow for convenient and speedy way of communication with customers and also may open up a new opportunity for quick sharing of ideas. But setting up a business meeting within the business will create different effects on the business, Benefit : Information distribution A key benefit will be that it provides an opportunity to share information such as financial updates or may help to recognize new employees for more complex issues. An genuine meeting pinpoints a moment in time and place to have in detail discussions with no other distractions or work getting in the way. Disadvantage : Time However Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can drain out its companies productivity when having its staff to spend more time on meetings, therefore to over come this reason Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd must try to limit the amount of time that the staff spend in meetings. L4 Identify how information can be used as controlling and coordination method for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. Word controlling is used as a way of monitoring the companies actions and behavior by using its information. And the word coordination means as how information is prearranged in a way that can be collected for companys action and activities. As noted from the interview, Information helps to assemble the act of the HR division and the finance subdivision, Where HR division helps to grant information to finance subdivision to make monthly financial statement for the staff. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd control their daily supplies because information helps them to know how much of tea leaves is needed for each day. consequently information from the logistics sector and storage department will let the shipping department how many tons of tea leaves are being exported everyday. So that there will not be any storage or over production overlapping. And in this same situation we can see the coordination of the logistics sector and the storage department because without the information of shipping department the company wont be able to control its production, storage and exporting requirement for each day. Approaches to the collection, formatting, storage, disseminating information and knowledge. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd collects information for the function to increase its business efficiency and success in order to make desire turnover along with to sustain in future by making different judgment depend on the information they collect. Information collection Export department Products[taj,al-athur] exported to the clients and the quantity of each product sent per day. Website collects the customers information since they register in the companies website when placing an order for a particular product. Information collected are : name, address, phone number and few financial information. News paper and reports collects information about the competitor by annual reports or financial reports, and they also gather information about the current rules and regulations. Formatting information Customer profile Collection of customer information will be analyzed and divided into customer gender, location and personal information as collected. Export department processes the information on the quantity of exports during the day and the profits made by each product, availability of product and to end with calculates the earnings for the day. Storing information Customer profile Customer information Export department would store the information in the system under daily exports. Secondary researched data would be kept in a separate file. Dissemination of information Being having the customers information in the system, once a placement is made by the customer the customer care reports to the factory department and prepare the amount of tea needed and deliver it to the customer. Reports and magazine information will be spread to the respective departments such as competitors marketing strategy would be handed over to the marketing department. How Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd manage its knowledge At the operations of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, it is identified that there is two types of knowledge being used. Explicit knowledge : Is a record of how each task is to be performed by plan and actions. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having its factory employees outsourced, it was found that employees tend to change there profession within the factory and that simply helped by the explicit knowledge, this is where all guides and instruction on how to operate its machine would be written or documented, therefore the quality of the product will not change although the employee changes. Tactic knowledge : It is found that in Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Human resource Department that they recruit and train their employees, Since most of them have only explicit knowledge they lack from tactical knowledge there for they team them up and give them projects on real time and real situation handling project and these are supervised by a manager and at the end of the day they discuss with the trainee about the mistakes and how they should improve to handle problems. How IT system could be used as a communication management and controlling tool for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. IT system helps Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, as a communication management and a controlling tool because this system helps to solve complex issues. Example : Its isnt easy for the staff to record all its sales into a paper and there is likely chances for making error, IT system will help to reduce its difficulty since it makes less human acceptance in processing information, there for this leads to increase the productivity of the work and saves time for the staff. Improvement of collecting, formatting, storage, disseminating information and knowledge Information collection: While having a website Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can have a representative at every country where they manage to export the most so that the customer can gain more customer satisfaction by having a face to face conversation. Competitors information: This can be identified by attending trade shows and by joining industry associations. Formatting information: By implementing a back-up system and a paper backup system since if the IT system fails then there would be information paper as well for quick references. By getting an IT system out sourced would increase its IT potentials since they will be mainly working on IT related area and would be risk free. Dissemination: It is helpful if the information system is grouped for the exact department like if the employees information can be directly directed to the HR department so then it would make it easy for them to take decisions since they are responsible for employees issues. Implementing a strategy to improve access to system of information and knowledge to others as appropriate For a strategy to be implemented, Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should identify its current problem and its future problem, Example : By only one HR department it is hard for them to look into all its employees information and manage them and mean while if there is an order placed by a client then the business should contact the IT department and then collect information and then pass them to the processing department. There for to handle the situation Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should develop a plan to save its business, where it helps to enter a broad area of the information system of the business that will put together key business development so that information will be spread into all departments and make things easy. And after the plan is developed the implementation should help to train the staff on how to use the system and to make sure the system is working efficiently and effectively. Organization Culture effecting on the business It was noted that Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd uses a paternalistic style of communication which is that they believe that employees need direction and it is important that they are supported and cared properly. The company does consult to find out views but the decisions are made by the top level management. Therefore the company would have improved decisions making as many ideas are involved and also it increases its employees productivity. More you do more you get [Culture slogan, Interview HR manager] Conclusion This assignment includes a variety of understandings regarding the communication procedure and IT systems of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. It is found that the company uses diverse verity electronic devices to communicate and they use the up-down method of communication throughout the company. However the recommended type of communication system and IT system is to have a more likely to have a positive effect on the company.